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What is Reverse Osmosis?
| What is Reverse Osmosis? In order to reverse the natural tendencies of water and salt movement and force clean water to flow from salty water, the osmonic pressure must be overcome, i.e. osmosis must be reversed. In order to reverse this flow of water, membrane systems, and Reverse Osmosis systems in particular, utilize a special constructed semi-permeable membrane element enclosed inside a pressure vessel. Pressure is applied to reverse the flow of water, the source of which is usually and existing, pressure is applied to the feed stream, water molecules are passed through the membrane while salts are retained in the feed. Thus, utilizing the principles of water and salts movement, and combining them with pressure and membrane technology, the natural osmotic flow of solution is reversed. |
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| How Membrane Separates Substances? Metals, Organic compounds, and other contaminants are either too large, or due to their chemistry unable, to pass through the reverse osmosis membrane |
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How long does it take to fill a tank? It depends on; line pressure, storage capacity, membrane capacity, and temparature.
For a 3-Gallon Tank (at 50 psi, 25°C):
| Membrane Capacity |
Fill Time |
| font class="eight_bold" color="#000000">25 Gallons |
3.0 hours |
| 35 Gallons |
2.0 hours |
| 50 Gallons |
1.4hours |
| 75 Gallons |
.9 hours |
NOTE: Individual performance of each membrane can be higher or lower, depending on the actual pressure used.
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Amount of water produced in 1 hour (at 50 psi)
It depends on: line pressure, storage capacity, membrane capacity, and temparature.
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 Size Comparison
Comparatively, if a water molecule were the size of a tennis ball...
Most metals and inorganic compounds would be the size of a softball...
Most organic compounds would be the size of a basketball. |
 Size Comparison
Protozoa would be the size of Mount St. Helens...
Bacteria would be the size of a pyramid, and...
Viruses would be the size of a bus. |
| Typical Reverse Osmosis Contaminant Rejection |
| Contaminant Rejection |
Contaminant Rejection |
Contaminant Rejection |
| Sodium |
85%-93% |
Iron |
85%-93% |
Potassium |
85%-93% |
| Aluminum |
96%-99% |
Magnesium |
96%-98% |
Fluoride |
87%-93% |
| Lead |
96%-99% |
Zinc |
98%-99% |
Nickel |
98%-99% |
| Copper |
98%-99% |
Chloride |
87%-93% |
Silver |
93%-98% |
| Arsenic |
94%-96% |
Nitrate |
60%-92% |
Bicarbonate |
90%-95% |
| Mercury |
96%-98% |
Silicate |
85%-90% |
Manganese |
95%-98% |
| Sulfate |
96%-98% |
Cyanide |
86%-92% |
Ammonium |
86%-92% |
| Calcium |
96%-98% |
Sulphite |
98%-99% |
Barium |
96%-98% |
| Phosphate |
96%-99% |
Bacteria |
99% + |
Chromium |
96%-98% |
Actual results may vary depending on source water.
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